How to Use 401(k) to Invest in Real Estate

Discover effective strategies to enhance your 401k real estate investment for lasting financial growth. Read the article to boost your investment potential.

By Farther

Want to grow your 401(k) faster? Many people turn to the real estate market for extra income. Real estate can boost your retirement savings alongside stocks and mutual funds. 

This post explains how to invest in real estate with your 401(k). You can buy properties or earn rental income. We'll discuss using self-directed 401(k)s and borrowing from your account.

Understanding 401(k) Options for Real Estate

Self-directed or solo 401(k) plans can help you reach your real estate investing goals. These options offer creative ways to invest in real estate with retirement funds.

Self-Directed 401(k)

A Self-Directed 401(k) allows small business owners and self-employed individuals to invest in real estate directly. This includes commercial property, rental properties, and more.

With this retirement account, investors gain control over their investment choices.

Investments are made with pre-tax dollars. This delays the payment of taxes until withdrawal during retirement as ordinary income taxes. The plan's tax-deferred growth can increase returns over time.

Solo 401(k)

Solo 401(k) plans work well for self-employed individuals. They allow for retirement savings while also investing in real estate. This type of plan offers high contribution limits.For 2025, you can contribute up to $70,000 if you're under 50, or $77,500 if you're over 50.

You can use a Solo 401(k) to purchase investment property directly. You have more control over your funds compared to traditional plans. All the income generated from these properties grows tax-deferred until withdrawal.

This means you can build wealth faster without paying taxes right away on your earnings from real estate investments and capital gains.

Ways to Use Your 401(k) for Real Estate Investments

There are several ways to use your 401(k) for real estate investments. One option is the Rollover for Business Startups (ROBS), which lets you fund a business or property with your retirement savings.

Another method is taking a loan against your 401(k). This gives you quick cash for that down payment or investment opportunity.

Rollovers for Business Startups (ROBS)

ROBS arrangements enable you to use your 401(k) funds to invest in a new business. This process allows account holders to take money from their retirement plan, tax-free, and invest it directly into a company.

ROBS works well for those starting a business without paying taxes or early withdrawal penalties.

Using ROBS can also help purchase real estate for the business. It's an attractive option because it avoids clear downsides of traditional loans, like high-interest rates. Self-employed individuals often find this method useful as they can grow tax-deferred income while investing in alternative investment strategies like real estate property.

Always consult with a financial advisor or tax professional before moving forward!

Taking a Loan Against Your 401(k)

One approach to accessing cash for real estate investments is taking a loan against your 401(k). You can borrow up to $50,000 or 50% of your vested balance, whichever is less. This money can help you buy residential property or fund other investment options.

Repaying the loan is important. You'll typically have five years to pay it back with interest. If you fail to repay, this could be treated as a distribution. That means you'd owe taxes and possibly penalty fees on that amount.

Always consult a financial advisor before making moves like this; understanding the risks and tax implications matters.

Key IRS Rules and Restrictions

The IRS has rules about who can invest with a 401(k). Certain people, called disqualified persons, cannot benefit from these funds.

Disqualified Persons

The term "disqualified persons" encompasses a broader group than just immediate family; they include fiduciaries, certain service providers to the plan, the plan participant, their spouse, ancestors, lineal descendants, and spouses of lineal descendants. Individuals in this category cannot use a 401(k) to invest directly in real estate as this would benefit them directly or indirectly.

If you want to avoid penalties or pay taxes on your investment income, keep these individuals away from the properties owned by your 401(k).

Prohibited transactions can happen if you buy property for disqualified persons or lend them money. These rules aim to protect retirement assets from misuse. Knowing the limits helps ensure tax-deferred growth stays intact and avoids unwanted issues with the IRS.

Prohibited Transactions

The IRS forbids certain transactions involving disqualified persons, including family members, fiduciaries and certain service providers to the plan. These rules help prevent conflicts of interest and ensure that the money stays safe for retirement.

Prohibited transactions can lead to serious tax penalties. If you conduct one, the IRS may view it as an early distribution. This could result in taxes and fees that reduce your investment returns.

Always check with a plan administrator before moving forward with any real estate deal involving your 401(k). Keep those investments on track by knowing these restrictions!

Benefits and Risks of Using a 401(k) for Real Estate

Using a 401(k) for real estate can offer tax advantages, though it is essential to understand the complexities and adhere strictly to IRS regulations to avoid potential risks such as prohibited transactions.

Tax Advantages

Investing in real estate with a 401(k) offers tax advantages. Gains from these investments can grow tax-deferred. This means you don't pay taxes on your earnings until you withdraw funds.

If you choose a Roth 401(k), qualified withdrawals may be tax-free after age 59½, provided the account has been held for at least five years.

You can also take advantage of tax deductions related to property expenses. These may include property taxes and other costs tied to managing your investment. Using a self-directed 401(k) gives more control over investing in properties while enjoying benefits like potential passive income and higher returns than the stock market.

Potential Risks

Despite the tax advantages that make a 401(k) appealing for real estate investments, there are risks to consider, including the potential for penalties if IRS rules are not followed.

Prohibited transactions involve a broad range of "disqualified persons," who could be fiduciaries, certain service providers to the plan, yourself, your spouse, ancestors, lineal descendants, and spouses of lineal descendants. Engaging in certain transactions with these disqualified persons could lead to significant tax consequences.

Losing tax-deferred status is another concern. If you mishandle property purchase documents or fail to document expenses related to the investment, you could face taxes on any gains.

This could reduce cash flow and impact your retirement portfolio negatively. Self-employed individuals need to be especially cautious with choices like taking loans against their plans or using Rollovers as Business Start-Ups (ROBS), which involve complex IRS rules and could lead to significant tax consequences if not properly executed.

Hire a Financial Advisor

Investing in real estate through a self-directed 401(k) can be a strategic way to diversify your portfolio, emphasizing the need for self-direction as traditional 401(k) plans generally do not permit real estate investments. Navigating this area requires thorough planning due to the complexities involved. A self-directed 401(k) allows you to invest in real estate while maintaining tax advantages, but there are strict rules to follow.

Want to explore this strategy? Speak with a Farther financial advisor today to learn how to use your 401(k) for real estate investments!

Conclusion

Using a 401(k) to invest in real estate opens new opportunities for your retirement portfolio. You've learned about self-directed options like solo 401(k)s and strategies such as rollovers and loans to access funds.

Be mindful of IRS rules to avoid costly mistakes.

Consider how these methods might enhance your retirement goals. Want to learn more? Explore additional resources for guidance on investing smartly with your 401(k). Take action today—your financial future depends on it!

FAQs

1. What is a 401(k) real estate investment?

A 401(k) real estate investment typically involves self-directed 401(k) plans, as these allow investments in real properties. This can be done through a self-directed IRA or self-directed 401(k), fostering tax-deferred growth of your investments. Traditional 401(k) plans generally do not permit direct real estate investments.

2. Can I use my personal funds from a solo 401(k) for real estate investment?

Yes, if you're self-employed with no employees, you may consider establishing a solo 401(k). This type of account consists of retirement funds, not personal funds, and allows both employee and employer contributions. Such contributions are meant to reduce taxable income while potentially offering higher returns with alternative investments like real estate.

3. How does investing in real estate with my 401(k) affect my taxes?

Investing with your 401(k) generally allows for tax-deferred growth on your investments – meaning you won't pay taxes until you start taking required minimum distributions. However, if you leverage investments using non-recourse loans, you could face Unrelated Business Taxable Income (UBTI), which might incur tax liabilities even before distributions.

4. Can I use Roth IRA contributions for investing in real estate?

Yes, Roth IRA contributions can also be used to invest in alternative assets like raw land or real estate syndications. However, such investments typically require a self-directed Roth IRA, as most conventional Roth IRAs do not support direct real estate investments.

5. Are there any restrictions when using a traditional IRA or previous employer's plan to invest in real estate?

While it's possible to roll over funds from these accounts into a self-directed IRA suitable for investing in alternatives like tax liens or other forms of property, some restrictions may apply. These restrictions often depend on the custodian managing the IRA and not merely a bank account provider. Remember that standard rules regarding early withdrawal penalties and contribution limits are applicable.

6. Is it advisable for full-time employees to consider this type of investment strategy?

This largely depends on individual retirement goals and risk tolerance levels, but diversifying one's portfolio by including tangible assets such as property could provide potential benefits, including ongoing rental income and long-term appreciation. However, this investment approach involves navigating complex IRS rules and potential tax implications, underscoring the importance of thorough understanding and compliance to avoid penalties and optimize benefits.

Important Disclosure

This document is for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Farther Financial Advisors, LLC or any of its subsidiaries or related entities to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. All sources of information used are deemed reliable and accurate at the time of printing. Advisory services are provided by Farther Finance Advisors LLC, an SEC-registered investment advisor. Investing in securities involves risk, including the potential loss of principal. Before investing, consider your investment objectives, as well as Farther Finance Advisors LLC’s fees and expenses. Farther Finance Advisors, LLC does not provide tax or legal advice; please consult your tax and legal professionals for guidance on these matters.

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